Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis Based on NLRP3 Inflammasome： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Ulcerative colitis （UC） is a common inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） in clinical practice， characterized by symptoms such as abdominal pain， diarrhea， and bloody mucus in the stool. It is difficult to cure and has a high recurrence rate. The pathogenesis of UC is related to abnormal immune response， oxidative stress in intestinal tissues， and inflammatory reactions. As reported， the abnormal activation of the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome is involved in the pathological process of UC. This activation triggers pathological mechanisms such as oxidative stress， pyroptosis， and inflammation in intestinal epithelial cells. Therefore， blocking the abnormal activation of NLRP3 is beneficial for alleviating UC. Currently， western medicine treatment for UC mainly includes salicylic acid derivatives， corticosteroids， and biologics， but the overall efficacy is unsatisfactory. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） treatment of this disease has the advantages of significant efficacy and low recurrence rate. In recent years， great advances have been made in the basic research of using TCM methods to treat UC. Studies have found that TCM intervention targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome can significantly promote intestinal mucosal healing and treat UC， and the mechanism of action involves multiple targets， levels， and pathways. This article summarized the experimental research on the impact of TCM targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome on UC in recent years， and found that NLRP3 interacted with factors such as Caspase-1 and nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）， thereby promoting the release of pro-inflammatory factors and cell pyroptosis in intestinal epithelial cells. This activation triggered oxidative stress， inflammatory reactions， and other pathological mechanisms. TCM acted on the NLRP3 inflammasome and its upstream and downstream factors to block the pathological process of UC， inhibit the pathological damage to the intestinal mucosa， and thereby alleviate colonic ulcers. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of UC and further drug development.

Neuroprotective Effect of Chinese Medicinal Compounds Effective in Supplementing Qi and Resolving Phlegm on Alzheimer's Disease： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Alzheimer's disease （AD） is a common chronic degenerative neurological disease in the elderly and is mainly manifested by the impairment of cognition， memory， and behaviors. At present， the etiology and pathogenesis of this disease have not been fully unraveled， and the research on related drugs for alleviating the disease progression is still in clinical trials. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） believes that the elderly have reduced visceral function. Deficiency of vital Qi and turbid phlegm obscuring orifices are the core pathogenesis of AD. Qi deficiency and phlegm obstruction run through the whole pathological process of AD， and the important role of therapeutic principles of supplementing Qi and resolving phlegm is emphasized in treatment. In recent years， the Chinese medicinal compounds effective in supplementing Qi and resolving phlegm represented by Kaixin Powder have been widely used in the clinical and basic research of AD. As reported， in addition to the improvement of the cognitive function of AD， it can also reduce β amyloid （Aβ） deposition， inhibit tau hyperphosphorylation， improve neurotransmitter activity， regulate neuronal synaptic plasticity， resist oxidant stress injury， and inhibit the central inflammatory response and neuronal apoptosis. Therefore， this article reviewed and analyzed the theoretical basis of the treatment of AD by supplementing Qi and resolving phlegm and the mechanism of Chinese medicinal compounds effective in supplementing qi and resolving phlegm against AD to provide theoretical support and a scientific basis for the clinical application of TCM in the prevention and treatment of AD.

Genetic analysis of a Fra(16)(q22) fragile site in a female with secondary infertility / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the genetic basis for a Fra(16)(q22)/FRA16B fragile site in a female with secondary infertility.@*METHODS@#The 28-year-old patient was admitted to Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital on October 5, 2021 due to secondary infertility. Peripheral blood sample was collected for G-banded karyotyping analysis, single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP-array), quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays.@*RESULTS@#The patient was found to harbor 5 mosaic karyotypes involving chromosome 16 in a total of 126 cells, which yielded a karyotype of mos 46,XX,Fra(16)(q22)[42]/46,XX,del(16)(q22)[4]/47,XX,del(16),+chtb(16)(q22-qter)[4]/46,XX,tr(16)(q22)[2]/46,XX[71]. No obvious abnormality was found by SNP-array, QF-PCR and FISH analysis.@*CONCLUSION@#A female patient with FRA16B was identified by genetic testing. Above finding has enabled genetic counseling of this patient.

Discovery of a highly selective VEGFR2 kinase inhibitor CHMFL-VEGFR2-002 as a novel anti-angiogenesis agent

Angiogenesis is an essential process in tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) inhibitors targeting tumor angiogenic pathway have been widely used in the clinical cancer treatment. However, most of currently used VEGFR2 kinase inhibitors are multi-target inhibitors which might result in target-associated side effects and therefore limited clinical toleration. Highly selective VEGFR inhibitors are still highly demanded from both basic research and clinical application point of view. Here we report the discovery and characterization of a novel VEGFR2 inhibitor (CHMFL-VEGFR2-002), which exhibited high selectivity among structurally closed kinases including PDGFRs, FGFRs, CSF1R, etc. CHMFL-VEGFR2-002 displayed potent inhibitory activity against VEGFR2 kinase in the biochemical assay (IC = 66 nmol/L) and VEGFR2 autophosphorylation in cells (ECs ∼100 nmol/L) as well as potent anti-proliferation effect against VEGFR2 transformed BaF3 cells (GI = 150 nmol/L). In addition, CHMFL-VEGFR2-002 also displayed good anti-angiogenesis efficacy and exhibited good PK (pharmacokinetics) profile with bioavailability over 49% and anti-angiogenesis efficacy in both zebrafish and mouse models without apparent toxicity. These results suggest that CHMFL-VEGFR2-002 might be a useful research tool for dissecting new functions of VEGFR2 kinase as well as a potential anti-angiogenetic agent for the cancer therapy.

Molecular genetic diagnosis of a carrier with rare α-thalassemia mutations / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the cause of inconsistent genotypes for an α-thalassemia carrier by using two commercial genotyping kits.@*METHODS@#GAP-PCR and PCR-reverse dot blotting (PCR-RDB) were employed to determine the genotype of the carrier, while Sanger sequencing was used to verify the results.@*RESULTS@#Sequencing analysis demonstrated that the subject has carried a α1 globin gene with a 3.7 kb heterozygous deletion. In addition, two novel mutations, IVS-II-55(T>G) and IVS-II-119(G>TCGGCCC), were found in intron 2 of α2 globin gene.@*CONCLUSION@#The two mutations located in the binding regions of PCR primers have caused failure of PCR amplification and misreading of the genotype. Combination of clinical and hematological phenotypes is indispensible to infer the genotype of carriers for accurate diagnosis.

Detection of autophagy gene expression in T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective In order to explore the role of autophagy in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE),we measured the expression of autophagy related gene microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3),Atg5,Beclinl,Atg7 and the incidence of autophagy in T cells from patients with SLE.Methods The mRNA levels of LC3,Atg5,Beclinl,Atg7 in T cells from 67 SLE patients and 31 healthy individuals were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reacton (qPCR) technique.Autophagy in T cells from 17 SLE patients and 11 healthy controls was also determined by flow cytometry (FACs).The correlation of Atg7 mRNA expression with clincal features was then analyzed.The differences between the two groups were tested by t-test and x2 tcst,all data were analyzed by statistical and service solutions (SPSS) 17.0 software.Results The mRNA levels of LC3 and Atg7 (ΔCT value) in SLE patients were obviously down-regulated as compared to healthy populations (P=0.010,P=0.002),paralleled with the decreased autophagy rate detected by flow cytometry in T cells of SLE patients [(3.7±1.9)％ vs (6.6±1.4)％,t=4.132,P=0.000].Also,the protein expression levels of LC3-Ⅱ in T cells of SLE patients (LC3-Ⅱ/GAPDH) was significantly lower than those in healthy controls (0.21±0.08 vs 0.34±0.11,t=1.846,P=0.047).Moreover,Atg7 mRNA expression levels were found to be negatively correlated to autophagy rate (r=-0.492,P=0.008).However,when comparing the clinical features of 24 SLE patients with decreased Atg7 mRNA expression (ΔCT value＞9.86) to 43 SLE patients with normal or high Atg7 mRNA expression (ΔCT value ＜9.86),increasing trend of incidence of arthritis,blood involvement and CNS was noted in patients with decreased Atg7 mRNA expression.However,there was a significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of renal involvement and anti-dsDNA antibody and SLEDAI (P=0.008,P=0.018,P=0.035).Conclusion The impaired autophagy resulted from down-regulated LC3 and Atg7 mRNA levels in T cells from SLE patients indicates that autophagy plays a role in mediating the occurrence and development of SLE,which might be through unable to clean harmful molecules effectively.

The effect of active vitamin D on monocyte chemoattratant protein-1 expression from patients with system lupus erythematosus / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective In order to explore the effect of 25-(OH)D3 on monocyte chemoattratant protein (MCP)-1 expression from patients with system lupus erythematosus (SLE),we detected the level of active vitamin D and the expression of MCP-1 mRNA in patients with SLE,and analyzed the correlation between them.Methods The level of serum 25-(OH)D3 and mRNA expression of MCP-1 in 154 SLE patients and 31 healthy individuals were detected by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) and real time quanti-tative pol ymerase chain reaction (PCR) respectively.We also analyzed the correlation between serum 25-(OH)D3 level and the expression of MCP-1 mRNA,then analyzed the function of 25(OH)D3 on the regula-tion of MCP-1 mRNA expression in vitro.The differences between the two groups were tested by t-test and x2 test,multiple data were tested by one-way ANOVA and the correlation was analyzed by Pearson's correlation,all data were analyzed by statistical product and service solutions (SPSS) 17.0 software.Results The serum 25(OH)D3 levels in SLE group (20±11) ng/ml was significantly lower than normal control group (29±11) ng/ml (t=4.198,P＜0.01),and the ratio of the serum levels of vitamin D deficiency in SLE group were significantly higher than that of normal control group [55.8％(86/154) vs 22.6％(7/31),x2=11.421,P=0.001].The expression level of MCP-1 mRNA in PBMCs from the normal control group was significantly lower than the SLE group (1.14±0.27 vs 1.44± 0.31,t=3.277,P=0.001),serum 25(OH)D3 level and MCP-1 mRNA expression in patients with SLE PBMCs were significantly negatively correlated (r=-0.289,P＜0.01).Further study found that 25-(OH)D3 inhibited MCP-1 mRNA expression in PBMCs from SLE patients depending on the concentration.Conclusion The decreased 25-(OH)D3 level and up-regulated MCP-1 mRNA expression suggestthat MCP-1 may play an important role in SLE pathological process.

Current status and advances of uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy / 中华消化外科杂志

Esophagectomy is one of the most complex interventions in thoracic surgery.Traditional open esophagectomy requires large incision and is associated with many complications.Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) contributes to less complications and hospital stay,and uniportal VATS has more minimal advantages over multi-portal VATS.Due to the technical complexity of esophagectomy,uniportal VATS is highly difficult.Surgeons from Taiwan reported uniportal VATS esophagectomy for the first time in 2015,and this uniportal technique was also reported by surgeons from other institutions.Nowadays,uniportal VATS esophagectomy is still in its initial stage,skills are immature,and long-term,large sample,controlled studies are demanded.Here,authors reviewed the development,skills,short-term outcomes,current practice in West China Hospital,the advantages and challenges for unipotrtal VATS esophagectomy.

Voice characteristics and changes before and after treatment of laryngopharyngeal reflux patients diagnosed by two diagnostic methods / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

[ABSTRACT]OBJECTIVETo diagnose laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) by using two methods: 24h pH monitoring and RSI combined with RFS scales. To research the voice characteristics of patients with LPR and changes of voice parameters before and after PPIs therapy, and to use voice parameters to help diagnosing and evaluating treatment effect of LPR.METHODSThe patients visited department of Otolaryngology head & neck surgery of Peking University Third Hospital from August 2012 to August 2013 were included in this study. There were 26 LPR patients diagnosed by 24 hr pH-MII monitoring (pH group) and 26 LPR patients diagnosed by RSI combined with RFS (questionnaire group). Another 52 subjects without laryngeal or pharyngeal symptoms were as control group. All subjects underwent MDVP examination. The patients from pH group and questionnaire group took esomeprazole 20 mg bid for one month, afterwards MDVP was examined again. The voice related parameters were compared before and after medication therapy.RESULTSComparing data between LPR patients and normal subjects, Jitter, Shimmer, NHR had significant difference (P0.05) before treatment. After PPIs therapy there was no significant difference between each group (P>0.05).CONCLUSIONAbnormal voice parameters were existed in LPR patients. After PPIs treatment, voice related parameters improved apparently.

Clinical study on addition treatment of liver -kidney yin deficiency and postmenopausal osteoporosis with Liuwei Dihuang pill / 中国基层医药

Objective To study the clinical effects of addition treatment of liver-kidney yin deficiency and postmenopausal osteoporosis with Liuwei Dihuang pill.Methods 120 patients suffering from postmenopausal osteopo-rosis who were determined to be subject to liver -kidney Yin deficiency by doctors of traditional Chinese medicine when they received treatment at the outpatient clinic of traditional Chinese medicine department of our hospital in the period from February 2010 to june 2013 were divided into three groups:group A,B and C,with the random number table.For group A:provided the honeyed pills made up by supplemented six -ingredient rehmannia pill,and taken two pills per day continuously for six months;For group B:provided 5mg of zoledronic acid injection for intravenous drip infusion;For group C:provided traditional Chinese medicine honeyed pills and zoledronic acid for treatment at the same time;all of the three groups take Calcium carbonate D3 at the same time;The three groups of cases until the 12th month were observed and followed -up.The clinical efficacy of three groups were compared.Results A,C group 3 months after treatment with estradiol levels compared with before treatment,the difference was statistically significant (t =2.54,P =0.05,t =2.07,P =0.06).A group 3 months after treatment,the VAS scores at 6 months respectively (3.75 ±1.32),(2.06 ±1.53)points before treatment,and the differences were statistically significant(t =10.18, P =0.00,t =9.26,P =0.00).A group 3 months after treatment,the SF -36 scores at 6 months were (90.82 ± 12.38),(105.82 ±9.06)% respectively,compared with that before treatment,the differences were statistically significant(t =8.40,P =0.00,t =5.21,P =0.00).A group 6 months after treatment of lumbar 1 -4 bone density-were (0.85 ±0.07)g/m2 ,and before treatment[(0.76 ±0.07)g/m2 ]comparison,the difference was statistically significant(t =7.56,P =0.00);A group 6 months after treatment of Wards bone density compared with before treatment,the difference was statistically significant(t =8.07,P =0.00).C group 6 months after treatment of lumbar 1 -4 bone density(0.91 ±0.07)g/m2 ,and B Group[(0.88 ±0.05)g/m2 ]comparison,the difference was statistical-ly significant(t =27.19,P =0.00);C group after treatment,the bone mineral density of Wards area for 6 months were (0.62 ±0.04)g/m2 .The difference was statistically significant (t =26.22,P =0.00),compared with the B group. The TCMsyndromes of TCMin the 6 months after treatment in A group were (5.42 ±2.13),and the difference was statistically significant (t =13.29,P =0.00),compared with the B Group (10.75 ±4.08).(t =13.29,P =0.00). Compared with B group,the difference was statistically significant(t =26.22,P =0.00).A group after the treatment of TCMsyndrome score was 6 months(5.42 ±2.13),and B Group[(10.75 ±4.08)],the difference was statistically significant(t =13.29,P =0.00).Conclusion The addition of Liuwei Dihuang pill can improve BMD,alleviate the ostealgia and improve life quality of patients suffering from postmenopausal osteoporosis,and has no obvious adverse effects.It can enhance curative effects through using with diphosphonate.

Discussing the objective diagnostic methods of laryngopharyngeal reflux / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is gaining extensive attention in recent years because of the high incidence. But because of the complex symptoms and signs, there exist no diagnostic consensus. In this paper, the available objective diagnostic methods so far are reviewed, in the purpose of discussing the approach of objective and accurate diagnosis of LPR.

Clinical Distribution and the Detection of Multiple Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii Efflux Pump Genotypes / 天津医药

Objective To study the clinical distribution and detection of the efflux pump gene in multiple drug-re?sistant acinetobacter baumannii. Methods The clinical distribution of 96 strains of multiple drug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii was analyzed. K-B method was used to detect 96 strains of multi resistant bauman resisted to 15 kinds of antibiot?ics. PCR amplification was used to detect the efflux pump gene. Results Ninety-six strains of multiple drug-resistant aci?netobacter baumannii mainly distributed in intensive care unit (ICU, 54.2%) and respiratory department (18.8%). The drug resistance rates to quinolone, cephalosporins, amino glucoside, tetracycline were above 70%. The 52 strains of multiple drug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii detected in ICU included 18 strains of adeB (34.62%), 16 strains of adeR (30.77%), 18 strains of adeS (34.62%), 18 strains of adeJ (34.62%), 0 strain of adeE and18 strains of adeM (34.62%). The18 strains of multiple drug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii detected in respiratory department included 9 strains of adeB, 8 strains of adeR, 8 strains of adeS, 8 strains of adeJ, 0 strain of adeE and 8 strains of adeM. Conclusion Efflux pump genes are impor?tant factors for multiple drug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii distributed in ICU and respiratory department.